Monday, May 31, 2010
Wednesday, May 19, 2010
Monday, May 17, 2010
Neuro-anatomical and Neurological terms Latter C
Calamus Scriptorius reed / pen - caudal part on the floor of the 4th Ven which looks like a pen
Calcar spur as in the Calacarine sulcus of the Occipital lobe
Canal tunnel / extended foramen as in the carotid canal, at the base of the skull adj canular (canicular - small canal)
Caput relating to the skull
Carotid to put to sleep; compression of the common or internal carotid artery causes coma. This refers to bony points related to the carotid vessels
CAT scan = computerized axial tomography scan – computer mediated Xray image depicting a crossection of the body see also CT scan
Cauda equina horse’s tail - lumbar and sacral N roots of the SC resembling a horse’s tail
Caudate nucleus tail nucleus in the Corpus Striatum, having a long tail
Cavity an open area hence an open area or sinus w/in a bone or formed by 2 or more bones (adj. cavernous), may be used interchangeably with fossa. Cavity tends tobe more enclosed fossa a shallower bowl like space (Orbital fossa-Orbital cavity).
Central sulcus major groove in the coronal plane dividing the frontal and parietal lobes
Cephalic pertaining to the head
Cerebellum little brain – the brain situtated in the PCF - to do with motor coordination, balance and posture – same structure as the Cerebrum – 2 hemispheres cortex
and medulla - only smaller
Cerebrospinal fluid = CSF fluid - fluid surrounding the brain and SC formed by the ependymal cells from filtered blood. It is part of the BBB, and contains sugar, urea and protein - approx 125mls and flows around the brain and SC at any time.
Cerebral cortex GM interconnection b/n the 2 sides via the Corpus Callosum
Cerebral hemispheres = CH L mainly to do with: speech, writing, language & calculation R mainly to do with spatial abilites, face recognition, music perception and production - see Cerebrum
Cerebro-spinal fluid = CSF , fluid surrounding the Brain + SC providinginsulation, nutrition and pressure
Cerebrum Brain – the major 2 hemispheres of the brain – consisting of an outer cortex of Ns = GREY MATTERGM) + inner medulla of N fibres WHITE MATTER (WM)
Chiasma (Gk = ) used for the crossing of the Optic fibres
Chorea dance – irregular, involuntary, movements of the limbs and face – due to degen. of the neostriatum
Choroid AS Chorioid delicate membrane – as in the choroid plexus in the brain or the retina
Cinerea ashes / ashen colour / grey – as in Tuber Cinereum - ventral portion of the Hypothalamus
Cingulate gyrus part of the Limbic System, directly above the corpuscallosum on the medical surface of the CH –to do with emotion and attention
Cingulum girdle as in a bundle of association fibres in the WM of the Cingulate gyrus of the CH, medial surface
Claustrum barrier - thin sheet of GM b/n Lentiform nucleus and the Insula
Cochlea a snail hence snail-like shape relating to the Organ of Corti in the middle ear (adj. cochlear)
Cognition to know – a processing of knowledge for use in higher functions as in recognition and recall for use in problem solving etc
Colliculus small elelvation / mound – e.g. superior and inf. colliculi forming the tectum of the MB – Facial colliculus on the floor of the 4th Ven
Commissural fibres those N fibres crossing the Median plane in the brain or SC (e.g. anterior commisure)
Commissure joining together - a decussation or crossing of large groups of fibres from one side of the median plane to the other in the brain or SC
Cordotomy AS Chordotomy –sectioning of spinothalamic tract for intractable pain (also tractotomy)
Contra opposite (as opposed to ipsi – the same)
Contralateral on the opposite side (as opposed to ipslateral on the same side)
Corona crown – fibres radiating from an inner point outwards - as in the Corona Radiata – fibres from the internal capsule to the CC
Corpus Callosum hard body – the main neocortical commissure of the
CH – connects the 2 CH via large mass of axons crossing from one side to the other
Corpus Striatum striped body - mass of GM with motor functions at the base of each CH
Cortex outer rind / bark – outer GM of the cerebrum and cerebellum
Cortical plasticity ability of connections b/n Ns of the CC to change
Cranial Nerve (CN) N coming directly from the brain not the SC
Cranium the cranium of the skull comprises all of the bones of the skull except for the mandible.
Crest prominent sharp thin ridge of bone formed by the attachment of muscles particularly powerful ones e.g. Temporalis/Sagittal crest
Crus leg – e.g. Crus Cerebri - the ventral part of the
Cerebral Peduncle of the MB
CT scan = computerized axial tomography scan – computer mediated Xray image depicting a cross-section of the body see also CAT scan
Cuneus wedge – e.g. gyrus on the medial surface of the CH – Fasciculus Cuneatus of the MB & SC
Cutus skin - hence cutaneous branches refer to the Ns supplying the skin & adnexae
Calcar spur as in the Calacarine sulcus of the Occipital lobe
Canal tunnel / extended foramen as in the carotid canal, at the base of the skull adj canular (canicular - small canal)
Caput relating to the skull
Carotid to put to sleep; compression of the common or internal carotid artery causes coma. This refers to bony points related to the carotid vessels
CAT scan = computerized axial tomography scan – computer mediated Xray image depicting a crossection of the body see also CT scan
Cauda equina horse’s tail - lumbar and sacral N roots of the SC resembling a horse’s tail
Caudate nucleus tail nucleus in the Corpus Striatum, having a long tail
Cavity an open area hence an open area or sinus w/in a bone or formed by 2 or more bones (adj. cavernous), may be used interchangeably with fossa. Cavity tends tobe more enclosed fossa a shallower bowl like space (Orbital fossa-Orbital cavity).
Central sulcus major groove in the coronal plane dividing the frontal and parietal lobes
Cephalic pertaining to the head
Cerebellum little brain – the brain situtated in the PCF - to do with motor coordination, balance and posture – same structure as the Cerebrum – 2 hemispheres cortex
and medulla - only smaller
Cerebrospinal fluid = CSF fluid - fluid surrounding the brain and SC formed by the ependymal cells from filtered blood. It is part of the BBB, and contains sugar, urea and protein - approx 125mls and flows around the brain and SC at any time.
Cerebral cortex GM interconnection b/n the 2 sides via the Corpus Callosum
Cerebral hemispheres = CH L mainly to do with: speech, writing, language & calculation R mainly to do with spatial abilites, face recognition, music perception and production - see Cerebrum
Cerebro-spinal fluid = CSF , fluid surrounding the Brain + SC providinginsulation, nutrition and pressure
Cerebrum Brain – the major 2 hemispheres of the brain – consisting of an outer cortex of Ns = GREY MATTERGM) + inner medulla of N fibres WHITE MATTER (WM)
Chiasma (Gk = ) used for the crossing of the Optic fibres
Chorea dance – irregular, involuntary, movements of the limbs and face – due to degen. of the neostriatum
Choroid AS Chorioid delicate membrane – as in the choroid plexus in the brain or the retina
Cinerea ashes / ashen colour / grey – as in Tuber Cinereum - ventral portion of the Hypothalamus
Cingulate gyrus part of the Limbic System, directly above the corpuscallosum on the medical surface of the CH –to do with emotion and attention
Cingulum girdle as in a bundle of association fibres in the WM of the Cingulate gyrus of the CH, medial surface
Claustrum barrier - thin sheet of GM b/n Lentiform nucleus and the Insula
Cochlea a snail hence snail-like shape relating to the Organ of Corti in the middle ear (adj. cochlear)
Cognition to know – a processing of knowledge for use in higher functions as in recognition and recall for use in problem solving etc
Colliculus small elelvation / mound – e.g. superior and inf. colliculi forming the tectum of the MB – Facial colliculus on the floor of the 4th Ven
Commissural fibres those N fibres crossing the Median plane in the brain or SC (e.g. anterior commisure)
Commissure joining together - a decussation or crossing of large groups of fibres from one side of the median plane to the other in the brain or SC
Cordotomy AS Chordotomy –sectioning of spinothalamic tract for intractable pain (also tractotomy)
Contra opposite (as opposed to ipsi – the same)
Contralateral on the opposite side (as opposed to ipslateral on the same side)
Corona crown – fibres radiating from an inner point outwards - as in the Corona Radiata – fibres from the internal capsule to the CC
Corpus Callosum hard body – the main neocortical commissure of the
CH – connects the 2 CH via large mass of axons crossing from one side to the other
Corpus Striatum striped body - mass of GM with motor functions at the base of each CH
Cortex outer rind / bark – outer GM of the cerebrum and cerebellum
Cortical plasticity ability of connections b/n Ns of the CC to change
Cranial Nerve (CN) N coming directly from the brain not the SC
Cranium the cranium of the skull comprises all of the bones of the skull except for the mandible.
Crest prominent sharp thin ridge of bone formed by the attachment of muscles particularly powerful ones e.g. Temporalis/Sagittal crest
Crus leg – e.g. Crus Cerebri - the ventral part of the
Cerebral Peduncle of the MB
CT scan = computerized axial tomography scan – computer mediated Xray image depicting a cross-section of the body see also CAT scan
Cuneus wedge – e.g. gyrus on the medial surface of the CH – Fasciculus Cuneatus of the MB & SC
Cutus skin - hence cutaneous branches refer to the Ns supplying the skin & adnexae
Neuro-anatomical and Neurological terms Latter B
Baroreceptor weight receiver sensory N fibre which responds to pressure changes as in the carotid canal
Basal ganglia incorrect term for cluster of Ns buried in the WM of thebrain and involved in movement includes: CAUDATE NUCLEUS + PUTAMEN + GLOBUS PALLIDUS + SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
Basilar relating to the base or bottom of structures
Basiocranium bones of the base of the skull
Basis pedunculi (see crus cerebri)
Bipolar neurons with 1 dendrite + 1 axon (see unipolar, multipolar)
Blood brain barrier = BBB the barrier protecting the brain from certain substances found in the BS
Brachium arm - large bundle of N fibres joining one region to another
Bradykinesia abnormally slow movements
Brainstem MO + Pons + Midbrain
Broca’s area central region of the L frontal lobe of the CC - involved in the production of speech: - word perception, production, sound and memory
Brodmann’s areas areas of the CC which have been designated by their histology – cytoarchetecture - and later analysed and found to have specific functions (after Korbinian
Brodmann 1909)
Bulb old term for MO / in the corticobulbar tract refers to the that part of the brain stem containing the motor nuclei of the CNs
Basal ganglia incorrect term for cluster of Ns buried in the WM of thebrain and involved in movement includes: CAUDATE NUCLEUS + PUTAMEN + GLOBUS PALLIDUS + SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
Basilar relating to the base or bottom of structures
Basiocranium bones of the base of the skull
Basis pedunculi (see crus cerebri)
Bipolar neurons with 1 dendrite + 1 axon (see unipolar, multipolar)
Blood brain barrier = BBB the barrier protecting the brain from certain substances found in the BS
Brachium arm - large bundle of N fibres joining one region to another
Bradykinesia abnormally slow movements
Brainstem MO + Pons + Midbrain
Broca’s area central region of the L frontal lobe of the CC - involved in the production of speech: - word perception, production, sound and memory
Brodmann’s areas areas of the CC which have been designated by their histology – cytoarchetecture - and later analysed and found to have specific functions (after Korbinian
Brodmann 1909)
Bulb old term for MO / in the corticobulbar tract refers to the that part of the brain stem containing the motor nuclei of the CNs
Sunday, May 16, 2010
Workshop Event
Continuous Workshop from last Event
At Dr.Airiza Clinic,
Time : May 28th 2010, 9 am till end
Topic: Neuroscience applied for Physiotherapy
At Dr.Airiza Clinic,
Time : May 28th 2010, 9 am till end
Topic: Neuroscience applied for Physiotherapy
Neuro-anatomical and Neurological terms Latter A
Action potential the generation of a N impulse through stimulation and depolarizing of the N cell membrane
Acusis hearing
Adiadochokinesia inability to rapidly perform rapidly alternating movements
Afferent incoming - as with sensory fibres see Sensory
Agnosia w/o knowledge inability to recognize sensory stimuli (auditory, tactile, visual)
Agraphia w/o writing - inability to write coherently – due to a cerebral lesion
Ala cinerea ashen hued wing - triangular region on the floor of the 4th Ven – one of the Vagal nuclei
Alexia w/o words - inability to grasp the meaning of words
Allocortex the older cerebral cortex = archicortex + paleocortex
Alveus trough – thin WM layer covering the ventricular surface of the Hp
Amacrine long - the N cell type with long fibrous processes in the retina
Ammon’s horn Ammonis = Egyption god with a ram’s head used for the Hp which sagittally has a curl like a ram’s horn
Amygdala almond - almond shaped body in the Temporal lobe involved in memory & emotion
Anasthesia w/o feeling - loss of sensation
Angular gyrus part of the Temporal lobe involved in language processing, letter shape and word recognition, connects occipital cortex with Wernicke’s area
Anopsia w/o sight - defect of vision
Ansa - loop - a loop like structure eg Ansa Cervicalis
Ant. Cingulate gyrus part of the limbic system - assoc. with cognitive processing of pain perception and emotional response (see cingulum)
Antidromic N impulse running up the axon or down the dendrite in the opposite direction
Aperture an opening or space b/n bones or w/n a bone.
Aphasia w/o speech - loss of speech or comprehension of the written and spoken word
Apraxia w/o being able to do - inability to move purposefully w/o paralysis
Arachnoid spidery – weblike eg AM
Archeocortex AS Archiocortex part of the 3 layered Allocortex in the
Limbic system – mainly in the Hp and Dentate gyrus
Archicerebellum AS Archeocerebellum old part of the little brain – to do with balance
Area postrema caudal area on the floor of the 4th Ven
Articulation joint, which is a point of contact b/n 2 bones / relating to a joint. - hence articular branches of a N supply the joint described.
Association fibres those N fibres which connect cortical areas of the brain ipsilaterally (as opposed to commissural fibres)
Astereognosis w/o solid shape - inability to recognise basic shapes by feeling them
Astrocytes star - one of the supportive cell types in the CNS (see Glia)
Asynergy w/o work - disturbance in the muscle contraction sequence in doing a coordinated act
Ataxia w/o order inability to contract muscles in order andhence weakness in contraction
Athetosis w/o position inability to keep fingers or toes in a still position continually writhing of the extremities – due to degeneration in the CC and Corpus Striatum
Autonomic automatic motor innervation of the viscera
Axial axis - refers to the head and trunk (vertebrae, ribs andsternum) of the body.
Axolemma plasma membrane of the axon
Axon N process carrying material away from the cell body to the target organ, each N has only one axon
Axon collaterals branches of the axon
Axon hillock part of the N where the axon rises and has no Nissl bodies
Axoplasm cytoplasm of the axon
Acusis hearing
Adiadochokinesia inability to rapidly perform rapidly alternating movements
Afferent incoming - as with sensory fibres see Sensory
Agnosia w/o knowledge inability to recognize sensory stimuli (auditory, tactile, visual)
Agraphia w/o writing - inability to write coherently – due to a cerebral lesion
Ala cinerea ashen hued wing - triangular region on the floor of the 4th Ven – one of the Vagal nuclei
Alexia w/o words - inability to grasp the meaning of words
Allocortex the older cerebral cortex = archicortex + paleocortex
Alveus trough – thin WM layer covering the ventricular surface of the Hp
Amacrine long - the N cell type with long fibrous processes in the retina
Ammon’s horn Ammonis = Egyption god with a ram’s head used for the Hp which sagittally has a curl like a ram’s horn
Amygdala almond - almond shaped body in the Temporal lobe involved in memory & emotion
Anasthesia w/o feeling - loss of sensation
Angular gyrus part of the Temporal lobe involved in language processing, letter shape and word recognition, connects occipital cortex with Wernicke’s area
Anopsia w/o sight - defect of vision
Ansa - loop - a loop like structure eg Ansa Cervicalis
Ant. Cingulate gyrus part of the limbic system - assoc. with cognitive processing of pain perception and emotional response (see cingulum)
Antidromic N impulse running up the axon or down the dendrite in the opposite direction
Aperture an opening or space b/n bones or w/n a bone.
Aphasia w/o speech - loss of speech or comprehension of the written and spoken word
Apraxia w/o being able to do - inability to move purposefully w/o paralysis
Arachnoid spidery – weblike eg AM
Archeocortex AS Archiocortex part of the 3 layered Allocortex in the
Limbic system – mainly in the Hp and Dentate gyrus
Archicerebellum AS Archeocerebellum old part of the little brain – to do with balance
Area postrema caudal area on the floor of the 4th Ven
Articulation joint, which is a point of contact b/n 2 bones / relating to a joint. - hence articular branches of a N supply the joint described.
Association fibres those N fibres which connect cortical areas of the brain ipsilaterally (as opposed to commissural fibres)
Astereognosis w/o solid shape - inability to recognise basic shapes by feeling them
Astrocytes star - one of the supportive cell types in the CNS (see Glia)
Asynergy w/o work - disturbance in the muscle contraction sequence in doing a coordinated act
Ataxia w/o order inability to contract muscles in order andhence weakness in contraction
Athetosis w/o position inability to keep fingers or toes in a still position continually writhing of the extremities – due to degeneration in the CC and Corpus Striatum
Autonomic automatic motor innervation of the viscera
Axial axis - refers to the head and trunk (vertebrae, ribs andsternum) of the body.
Axolemma plasma membrane of the axon
Axon N process carrying material away from the cell body to the target organ, each N has only one axon
Axon collaterals branches of the axon
Axon hillock part of the N where the axon rises and has no Nissl bodies
Axoplasm cytoplasm of the axon
Common Abbreviations for Brain Web
A = actions /movements of a joint , A = anterior
ACF = anterior cranial fossaaka , aka= also known as
alt. = alternative, AM = arachnoid mater
ANS = autonomic nervous system, ant = anterior
art = articulation (joint w/o the additional support structures)
AS = Alternative Spelling, generally referring to the diff.
b/n British & American spelling assoc. = associated with
BBB = blood brain barrier
bc = because, BP = brachial plexus
BS = blood supply, BS = brain stem
b/n = between, C = cervical / carpal
CC = cerebral cortex, c.f. = compared to
CF = cranial fossa(e), CH = cerebral hemispheres
CN = cranial nerve, CNS = central nervous system
CO = cardiac output, Co = coccygeal
CoP = coccygeal plexus, collat.= collateral
Cr = cranial, CSF = Cerebrospinal fluid
CT = connective tissue, DH = dorsal horn (of the spinal cord)
dist. = distal, DM = dura mater
e.g. = example, EC = extracellular (outside the cell)
Gk. = Greek, GM = grey matter
Hp = Hippocampus, IC = intracellular / intercostal
IC = intercarpal, IMC = intermetacarpal
jt(s) = joints = articulations, L = lateral
L = left / lumbar, LL = lower limb
Lt. = Latin, lig = ligament
M = mater, MB = midbrain
MC = metacarpal, MCF = middle cranial fossa
med = medial, MO = medulla oblongata (medulla)
MN = myelinated nerve, nMN = non-myelinated nerve
N = nerve, NS = nervous system/nerve supply
NT = nervous tissue, NTr = nerve tract / trunk
P = posterior, PaNS = parasympathetic nervous system
PCF = posterior cranial fossa, pl. = plural
PM = pia mater, PN = peripheral nerve
post. = posterior, proc. = process
prox. = proximal, R = Right
RC = radiocarpal, S = sacral
sing. = singular, Sc = spinal canal
SC = spinal cord, SN = spinal nerve
SP = spinous process, SyNS = sympathetic nervous system
T = thoracic, TP = transverse process
UL = upper limb, arm, V = vertebra
VB = vertebral body, VC = vertebral column
VH = ventral horn (of the spinalcord)
Ven = ventricle (of the brain), WM = white matter
w/n = within, w/o = without
ACF = anterior cranial fossaaka , aka= also known as
alt. = alternative, AM = arachnoid mater
ANS = autonomic nervous system, ant = anterior
art = articulation (joint w/o the additional support structures)
AS = Alternative Spelling, generally referring to the diff.
b/n British & American spelling assoc. = associated with
BBB = blood brain barrier
bc = because, BP = brachial plexus
BS = blood supply, BS = brain stem
b/n = between, C = cervical / carpal
CC = cerebral cortex, c.f. = compared to
CF = cranial fossa(e), CH = cerebral hemispheres
CN = cranial nerve, CNS = central nervous system
CO = cardiac output, Co = coccygeal
CoP = coccygeal plexus, collat.= collateral
Cr = cranial, CSF = Cerebrospinal fluid
CT = connective tissue, DH = dorsal horn (of the spinal cord)
dist. = distal, DM = dura mater
e.g. = example, EC = extracellular (outside the cell)
Gk. = Greek, GM = grey matter
Hp = Hippocampus, IC = intracellular / intercostal
IC = intercarpal, IMC = intermetacarpal
jt(s) = joints = articulations, L = lateral
L = left / lumbar, LL = lower limb
Lt. = Latin, lig = ligament
M = mater, MB = midbrain
MC = metacarpal, MCF = middle cranial fossa
med = medial, MO = medulla oblongata (medulla)
MN = myelinated nerve, nMN = non-myelinated nerve
N = nerve, NS = nervous system/nerve supply
NT = nervous tissue, NTr = nerve tract / trunk
P = posterior, PaNS = parasympathetic nervous system
PCF = posterior cranial fossa, pl. = plural
PM = pia mater, PN = peripheral nerve
post. = posterior, proc. = process
prox. = proximal, R = Right
RC = radiocarpal, S = sacral
sing. = singular, Sc = spinal canal
SC = spinal cord, SN = spinal nerve
SP = spinous process, SyNS = sympathetic nervous system
T = thoracic, TP = transverse process
UL = upper limb, arm, V = vertebra
VB = vertebral body, VC = vertebral column
VH = ventral horn (of the spinalcord)
Ven = ventricle (of the brain), WM = white matter
w/n = within, w/o = without
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
